William Long, a volunteer with the transit advocacy group Riders Alliance, regularly commutes from his home in the Bronx to JFK airport where he works. The journey requires a ride on the Bx41 bus, then three subway lines, another bus in Queens, and finally, the JFK AirTrain.

The trip takes about two hours, and if he’s commuting home at night, he often faces long waits—especially for the bus.

“At night, you have not only flight attendants but cargo handlers, TSA agents, maintenance people, restaurant workers…all sorts of people just waiting for these buses,” Long says. “It’s really sad because service is so infrequent at those hours.”

Long is far from alone when it comes to Bronx residents who travel to and from work outside the standard 9-to-5: the borough is home to 79,000 people who commute at night between the hours of midnight and 5 a.m., more than than any other borough, according to Census data from 2017. And while the MTA released a plan in October to completely redesign the Bronx’s bus network—part of a citywide overhaul of the bus system that aims to increase dropping ridership—night and weekend service won’t get a boost from the changes.

Of the 60 bus routes included in the plan, just 19 of them will run at night, and even the routes that will offer night service will do so infrequently, with the most frequent coming every half hour but the majority running only every 45 to 60 minutes. When it comes to weekend service, nine lines will see buses running more frequently on Saturdays or Sundays under the redesign—which includes the additions of three all-new routes—though a dozen lines will actually see weekend frequency decrease as part of the overhaul.

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The MTA says the changes will make the Bronx’s bus network more efficient, updating routes that have sat unchanged for decades and “finding innovative ways to reallocate and reinvest finite resources,” according to New York City Transit President Andy Byford. But several transit advocates are disappointed with the final proposal, saying it fails to provide meaningful service improvements that would draw riders back to the bus; nearly every Bronx local bus route saw its ridership drop between 2017 and 2018, according to MTA data.

“There was a real opportunity to use this redesign as an engine of opportunity to improve people’s access to jobs, to school, and to other things the city has to offer,” says Danny Pearlstein, spokesman for the advocacy group Riders Alliance. “So far it has fallen short.”

A borough by borough approach

The MTA released its final plan for the Bronx bus network redesign in October, part of its borough-by-borough effort to increase bus ridership by redesigning routes and removing bus stops to speed up rides. Staten Island’s express bus network was overhauled in 2018, while planning and outreach is currently underway for changes in Queens and Brooklyn.

The MTA says the Bronx redesign will provide a “new baseline” for the borough’s 675,000 bus customers, and represents the first real change to its bus routes in nearly a century.

Those changes include the addition of three new routes: the Bx25, which will serve Co-Op City and eastern Bronx, the M125, which will run through Harlem to the South Bronx and replace the southern leg of the Bx15, as well as a new express route called the BxM5, connecting the north Bronx to midtown Manhattan, replacing part of the BxM4 route.

The plan also extends or adjusts routes to provide new transfer points, including between the Bx40 and Bx42 to the 2 and 5 subway trains and a route connecting northern Co-Op City to Bedford Park. The changes are also expected to help speed up rides by eliminating around 400 bus stops, spreading stops out more evenly across routes. Current stops in the Bronx are an average of 882 feet apart, but will increase to 1,092 feet apart under the plan.

“I think overall, it definitely makes certain areas more efficient,” says Allessandra Biaggi, New York State Senator for the Bronx and Westchester. In particular, she praised the addition of overnight service on the Bx29 route, which links to City Island and will run every 40 minutes at night under the new plan. The current schedule has the last bus out of City Island departing at 1:10 a.m. on weekdays and Sundays, and at 2:11 a.m. on Saturdays.

“Businesses lose out and lose money because people want to leave by a certain time when they come by bus,” Biaggi says. “It really doesn’t incentivize people to want to travel there.”

But Biaggi also sees some negatives in the redesign plan, including the lack of service on other routes during late nights and weekends, as well as cuts to express service in her district. On November 18th, she and other elected officials organized a town hall to address those cuts, drawing hundreds of attendees. Under the MTA’s plan, nine of the Bronx’s express bus routes will see decreased frequency or service hours on weekends, despite the fact that nearly all of those routes saw increased weekend ridership between 2017 and 2018, MTA statistics show.

“There are specific cuts in Riverdale that make it really challenging for certain people to get around, or to go to Manhattan, or to go to the doctor, or to go to school,” Biaggi says.

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Jaqi Cohen, a transit advocate for the Straphangers Campaign, thinks the overall Bronx redesign includes some improvements, but could have gone further if more funding were allocated to it.

“I think that they made a lot of good changes—we were excited to see some of the stop consolidation there and some of the more direct routing,” she says. “Unfortunately, we didn’t see enough increased frequency of service and that was really in part thanks to the governor and the state and the operating budget the MTA is dealing with right now.”

An MTA spokeswoman told City Limits that there is no budget number available yet for the Bronx bus plan, since it needs to undergo another round of public outreach before the MTA board votes on it sometime in 2020.

Ben Fried, communications director for TransitCenter, explained that the Bronx bus redesign requires more attention than Staten Island’s express buses—which the MTA revamped in 2018—since the Bronx’s network is much larger and complex. On some Bronx crosstown routes, buses carry between 20,000-30,000 riders a day, he says.

“The improvements in frequency are kind of partial. Yeah, they did a few more runs in, but the routes in the Bronx are not going to run as frequently as bus rates in a city like Toronto,” Fried says. “We expect the subway to come every 20 minutes during overnight hours, so we’re looking for that same type of frequency for the Bronx bus routes. I think it’s a good goal.”

Current service seen as lacking

City Limits recently spoke with a number of bus commuters in the Bronx, several of whom said they either weren’t aware of, or not paying attention to, the MTA’s overhaul plan. They offered varied opinions about current bus service in the borough.

“The wait is far too long…the phone says three minutes away, while the bus is stuck in traffic 20 minutes away,” says Victor Estrella, a Bronx resident who usually takes the bus on weekends to save gas money. His daughter, Yadyvic Estrella, agreed.

“Weekend mornings are alright, I suppose, more on time than not. Evenings though—that’s a different story. I have to wait at least 15 minutes for the bus to come,” she said, adding that she takes the bus at least six days a week.

Abena Wirekoh, who takes the Bx41 most often, thinks bus service is actually better on weekends because buses are less crowded than on weekdays. But she would like to see more Select Bus Service routes, and more reliability in general, recounting one commute home that took hours during inclement weather.

“It was snowing and I had to wait an hour for the Bx15, followed by two hours stuck in traffic unable to move,” she says, adding that she decided to walk home in the snow to avoid the overcrowded bus.

ROUTE	Frequency on Weekends	Span of Service on Weekends	Overnight Service?
Q50 Limited	Unchanged	Unchanged	No
M125 (New Route)	Increased (new route)	Increased	Yes, every 60 minutes
BxM1	Decreased	Increased Saturday AM, decreased PM	No
BxM2	Decreased	Increased Sunday AM, decreased PM	No
BxM3	Decreased: Sunday service discontinued	Decreased	No
BxM4	Decreased: weekend service discontinued	Weekend service discontinued	No
BxM5 (New Route)	New Route—weekday service only	New Route—weekday service only	No
BxM6	Decreased: weekend service discontinued	Weekend service discontinued	No
BxM7	Decreased Saturdays, increased Sundays	Decreased	No
BxM8	Decreased	Decreased	No
BxM9	Decreased	Decreased	No
BxM10	Unchanged	Unchanged	No
BxM11	Decreased	Increased Saturday AM, decreased PM	No
BxM18	Weekday service only	Weekday service only	No

A missed opportunity

Even with the positive changes the Bronx bus system will see from the redesign, many still worry that off-peak service—on weekends and late nights—could be left in the dust. Out of 60 routes included in the proposal, only three will see an improvement in late night service under the plan, while the rest will remain the same. On weekends, 12 bus routes will see some kind of improvement in frequency or span of service hours from the changes, though 12 routes will also see some kind of decrease in weekend service.

Commuters who use public transit at off-peak times, like nights and weekends, tend to work in service and other public-facing industries, like retail, food service, emergency services, airport workers, nurses and home health aides, experts say. And a lousy commute can impact how well they can perform their jobs.

“Not only do you have to be at work on time, but in many cases people’s lives depended on it,” says Eli Dvorkin, of the Center for an Urban Future, which published a report in 2018 that found health care workers face the longest commutes of any private-sector workers in the city, and that a significant portion of them commute by bus.

“You need to be there ready to go and then you need to be on your feet for up to 12 hours at a stretch and not only on your feet but personable and smiling because if you’re a front-line health care worker, there’s a lot riding on just your attitude when you get to work,” he explains. “If you’ve just gone through a two-hour, grueling commute, it really harms your ability to do a great job and in healthcare that job really matters.”

Advocates say improving bus frequency during off-peak times could have meaningful benefits for those commuters who rely on it.

“You’re coming home from a midnight shift, cleaning an office building, and you have to take the subway to the end of the line and then get on a bus, you might be waiting for 30 or 40 minutes depending on when your train comes to the station, and that is unacceptable,” says Pearlstein. “That is the time where people are spending away from their families, time they could be earning money, studying to improve their situation and get a better job, or they could be sleeping to recuperate. By taking up all that time, what you’re saying is your time is not valuable.”

But the MTA says it based its decisions in part on ridership numbers, and late at night, those numbers are “usually extremely low, and running nearly-empty buses is costly and an inefficient use of limited resources,” according to the Bronx redesign plan. Weekend ridership is also lower than weekdays: MTA data shows there were 675,045 bus boardings on an average weekday in May 2018, compared to 390,831 on an average Saturday and 296,619 on Sunday.

Critics, though, point to the agency’s decision to spend $249 million over the next four years to hire 500 new police officers to patrol the subway, in part to crackdown on fare evaders—money that advocates argue would be better spent on improving bus and subway service.

They say failing to provide more frequent, reliable bus service will undercut the MTA’s ultimate goal of the redesign—to draw more riders back to the bus system. City buses saw their customer count drop by 13 percent between 2014 and 2018, while a city mobility survey in 2018 found that more than 68 percent of respondents in the north and south Bronx reported using ride sharing services like Uber and Lyft to replace their bus trips.

At the MTA’s board meeting in December, one Bronx commuter and Riverdale resident blasted the agency for its proposed cuts to weekend express bus service cuts, disputing the MTA’s assertion that few people ride during those times.

“I have taken those buses and I have found them to have substantial numbers of people on them,” she said. “If they are not full, it may be because people have waited for express buses that never came and have given up. I have had that experience many times.”

Though the Bronx bus redesign is in its final stages, the MTA may make changes before it’s actually implemented. The agency held a series of open house events in December to get more public feedback on the plan, and will hold a public hearing about it early this year before the MTA board votes on the proposal, which is expected to be implemented in mid-2020.